糠醛渣活性炭的制备和性能研究

以糠醛渣为原料，成功地制备出脱硫活性炭，并详细考察了制备过程中影响炭性能的诸因素，该炭表面基团丰富，中孔发达，特别是经ＣＯ２改质后，脱硫性能显著提高。     

红外辐射技术在农副产品加工中的应用与进展

红外辐射加热干燥技术有众多的优点，近些年来在农副产品加工中的应用越来越多。为此。介绍了红外辐射的基本原理及特点；并通过大量的实例阐述了红外辐射在谷物、蔬菜、竹材加热干燥上的应用与研究进展，以及红外辐射技术在农副产品杀菌方面的应用。     

烟气脱硫废弃物在盐碱地土壤改良中的应用研究进展

综述了烟气脱硫废弃物在盐碱地土壤改良中的应用研究,包括烟气脱硫废弃物的来源、性能,脱硫废弃物改良碱性土壤的原理、施用技术和方法,讨论了脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地的作用效果及其对土壤环境和食物安全的影响,并对今后的进一步研究提出了展望。     

Functional characterization of extruded rice noodles with corn bran: Xanthophyll content and rheology

The rheological changes in rice noodles by the substitution of corn bran and the effect of temperature on the xanthophyll content (lutein and zeaxanthin) of the corn bran-rice flour noodles were evaluated. The use of corn bran increased the water holding capacity of rice flour at room temperature while the opposite results were observed after heating. The pasting parameters of rice flour-corn bran mixture were reduced with increasing levels of corn bran and the mixture paste exhibited more dominant liquid-like behavior. The noodles containing corn bran exhibited lower expansion ratio and softer textural properties. The levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in raw corn bran were 336.9 and 123.1 μg/100 g, respectively and were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by heating. While lutein and zeaxanthin were not detected in the control noodles without corn bran, their levels in corn bran-incorporated noodles ranged from 56.2 to 137.3 μg/100 g and from 37.9 to 61.9 μg/100 g, respectively and were significantly reduced by 37.7–45.4% (P < 0.05) after cooking. Thus, the heat-labile characteristics of two xanthophylls were clearly observed. This study provides useful information on the processing performance and xanthophyll content of corn bran, possibly extending its use in a wider variety of foods.     

一种用于农业产业化经营决策的估计方法——农副产品需求的收入弹性估计方法

为了促进农业产业化经营决策的科学化,运用收入弹性理论,研究了我国农副产品需求的估计方法,探讨了农业产业化经营决策应遵循的思路。     

我国农副产品进入现代市场的问题与对策

针对我国目前农副产品流通渠道不畅和价格不稳的现实问题,分析了我国农副产品进入现代市场的关键制约因素。借鉴国外的经验和做法,提出了我国农副产品进入现代市场的相应对策。     

Effect of Season on Vitamin E,Fatty Acid Profile,and Nutritional Value of Fish By-Products from Cod,Saithe, Ling and Haddock Species Caught in Southern Irish Coastal Waters

ABSTRACT

The value of fish is largely dependent on fillet size and species but greater value could be obtained by finding commercial uses for the remaining fish frame, particularly fish by-products. Vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), are of economic importance to the food and pharmaceutical industries and are available for extraction from fish waste. The objective of this study was to compare α-tocopherol levels and the fatty acid profile from several demersal species (cod, ling, saithe and haddock, n = 15) caught in Irish coastal waters over a one-year period (2001). α-Tocopherol levels in samples of liver, viscera and cut-off (any residual flesh from belly flap) were extracted and subsequently measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total fatty acids were extracted and determined by gas chromatography (GC). Results indicated that a-tocopherol levels in liver were higher (P < 0.05) than those in viscera or cut-off. Regardless of species, α-tocopherol levels were found in the following order: liver > viscera > cut-off. In general, α-tocopherol levels were highest in autumn and lowest in spring. Overall, percent free fatty acid levels recorded in liver and viscera samples were higher (P < 0.05) than those in cut-off samples. Percent free fatty acid varied significantly (P < 0.05) with each season, and was generally greater in autumn samples. An inverse relationship was observed between percent fat and moisture levels recorded in this study. The major fatty acids identified in each fish species and each by-product were 16:0 (palmitic), 18:0 (stearic), 18:1 (oleic) 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic, DHA). The highest percent of total identified fatty acids were reported in the autumn catch, including the highest EPA and DHA levels. Overall, liver samples had the highest levels of EPA and DHA.     

水产品加工副产物的综合利用

我国是世界上水产品的生产和消费大国,每年产生大量的水产品加工副产物,如何提高这些副产物的利用效率,对于减少环境污染、提高加工企业经济效益和水产资源的综合利用率均具有重要意义。文中就近年来,水产品加工副产物和低值水产品的综合利用现状做一简单介绍。     

Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use

With the worldwide increase of fisheries, fish wastes have had a similar increase, alternatively they can be seen as a source of novel substances for the improvement of society’s wellbeing. Elasmobranchs are a subclass fished in high amounts, with some species being mainly bycatch. They possess an endoskeleton composed mainly by cartilage, from which chondroitin sulfate is currently obtained. Their use as a viable source for extraction of type II collagen has been hypothesized with the envisaging of a biomedical application, namely in biomaterials production. In the present work, raw cartilage from shark (Prionace glauca) and ray (Zeachara chilensis and Bathyraja brachyurops) was obtained from a fish processing company and submitted to acidic and enzymatic extractions, to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC). From all the extractions, P. glauca PSC had the highest yield (3.5%), followed by ray ASC (0.92%), ray PSC (0.50%), and P. glauca ASC (0.15%). All the extracts showed similar properties, with the SDS-PAGE profiles being compatible with the presence of both type I and type II collagens. Moreover, the collagen extracts exhibited the competence to maintain their conformation at human basal temperature, presenting a denaturation temperature higher than 37 °C. Hydrogels were produced using P. glauca PSC combined with shark chondroitin sulfate, with the objective of mimicking the human cartilage extracellular matrix. These hydrogels were cohesive and structurally-stable at 37 °C, with rheological measurements exhibiting a conformation of an elastic solid when submitted to shear strain with a frequency up to 4 Hz. This work revealed a sustainable strategy for the valorization of fisheries’ by-products, within the concept of a circular economy, consisting of the use of P. glauca, Z. chilensis, and B. brachyurops cartilage for the extraction of collagen, which would be further employed in the development of hydrogels as a proof of concept of its biotechnological potential, ultimately envisaging its use in marine biomaterials to regenerate damaged cartilaginous tissues.     

羧肽酶A/B水解虾副产物制备ACE抑制肽

为了获得血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽,使用α-胰凝乳蛋白酶对虾副产物进行预酶解,再选择羧肽酶A/B进行酶解,通过透析和凝胶层析纯化后,测定分离肽的ACE抑制活性。通过检测水解度,确定α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的最优水解时间为4h,羧肽酶A/B最优水解时间为6h。两步酶解产物的ACE半抑制浓度(IC50)值为6.39mg/mL。通过透析,得到500Da和500~1 000Da 2个抑制活性更高的组分,IC50分别为1.69和2.87mg/mL。进一步通过Sephadex G-15凝胶层析分离,得到4个IC50值小于0.2mg/mL的组分,其中组分F8最低,为0.134mg/mL,显示了较高的ACE抑制活性。该结果验证了羧肽酶A/B酶解可制备出高活性ACE抑制肽。